Plague risk in Accra

Plague Prevention Guide for Accra, Ghana Risk Score: 57/100 (Moderate) What is plague? Plague is a serious bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, typically spread through flea bites from infected rats and other rodents. It can also spread through contact with infected animals or through airborne droplets in pneumonic plague. Without treatment, it can be fatal. Why Accra faces risk Accra's dense informal settlements like Old Fadama and James Town create ideal conditions. Overcrowded housing, inadequate waste management, and close proximity to the Korle Lagoon and market areas increase rat populations. Open food storage at Makola and Kaneshie markets attracts rodents. Poor drainage and flooding during rainy seasons drive rats into homes. Limited rodent control programs and gaps in public health surveillance add to the vulnerability. 5 key prevention steps 1. Seal your home against rodents. Block all gaps larger than a quarter inch in walls, floors, and around pipes using metal sheeting or concrete. Store food grains and leftovers in sealed metal or thick plastic containers. Keep kitchens clean and remove food scraps nightly. 2. Eliminate nesting areas. Clear storage rooms, backyards, and surrounding areas of clutter, old tires, cardboard, and debris. Keep firewood stacked at least 18 inches off the ground and away from walls. Work with your household to maintain clean surroundings weekly. 3. Protect yourself from flea bites. Use insect repellent on ankles and lower legs when working in storage areas or markets. Wear long trousers tucked into boots when handling goods in warehouses or old buildings. Treat pet dogs and cats regularly with vet-approved flea control products. 4. Report unusual rat activity. Contact your local municipal assembly health department immediately if you notice dead rats without obvious cause, sudden rat die-offs, or sick stray animals. Do not touch dead rodents. Use thick gloves and plastic bags if disposal is unavoidable. 5. Know the symptoms and seek care fast. Fever, painful swollen lymph nodes (buboes), chills, and weakness require immediate clinic or hospital visit. Early antibiotic treatment is highly effective. Visit Ridge Hospital or your nearest polyclinic without delay. Inform health workers about any rodent exposure. Stay informed through Ghana Health Service bulletins and community health worker visits.