Avian Influenza risk in Kathmandu

Avian Influenza Prevention Guide for Kathmandu Residents

Risk Score: 60/100 (Moderate-High)

WHAT IT IS

Avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, is a viral infection caused by influenza A viruses that primarily affect birds but can spread to humans through direct or indirect contact with infected poultry. Symptoms in humans range from mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and can be fatal. The H5N1 and H7N9 strains are of particular concern globally.

WHY KATHMANDU IS AT RISK

Kathmandu presents several specific risk factors. Live poultry markets are widespread across the city, often operating in cramped, unhygienic conditions where birds are kept in close proximity. Backyard poultry farming is common in peri-urban areas. The dense population means markets and farms sit near residential neighborhoods, increasing human exposure risk. Seasonal temperature drops during winter months may help the virus survive longer. Limited public awareness about safe handling of poultry products adds to vulnerability, and informal slaughter practices without proper protective equipment are routine in many local shops.

5 ACTIONABLE PREVENTION STEPS

First, avoid direct contact with sick or dead birds. If you find dead poultry in your area, report it to local veterinary authorities rather than handling it yourself.

Second, cook all poultry products thoroughly. Heat kills the virus, so ensure chicken and eggs reach an internal temperature of at least 70 degrees Celsius throughout. Avoid runny eggs and pink meat.

Third, practice hand hygiene rigorously. Wash hands with soap and water after touching raw poultry, visiting markets, or handling eggs. Carry hand sanitizer when visiting market areas.

Fourth, keep your distance from live bird markets when possible. If you must visit, wear a mask and avoid touching surfaces, cages, or birds. Change clothes and wash hands immediately afterward.

Fifth, stay informed about local outbreak reports. Follow updates from the Department of Livestock Services and the Ministry of Health. Early awareness allows you to adjust behavior quickly when cases emerge nearby.